消防給水系統中分區供水的運用條件和方法

2024/06/15

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消防給水系統中分區供水的運用條(tiao)件和方法

  消防(fang)給水(shui)系統中，高強度作業使得滅火設(she)施(shi)控制困難，消防(fang)用水(shui)的急劇增加會超過(guo)局部管網(wang)設(she)備的承壓(ya)極限；建筑過(guo)高時，每個(ge)樓層的供水(shui)壓(ya)力和流量要達標；水(shui)位差(cha)導致(zhi)下端(duan)管網(wang)的承壓(ya)過(guo)高而出現故障等。為(wei)避免此類現象的發生，需要分區分類供水(shui)。

  分(fen)區供水(shui)是為了(le)解決系統靜(jing)水(shui)壓(ya)力過高(gao)、超過管材和接頭承壓(ya)極(ji)限、局部(bu)超過設施允許工作壓(ya)力極(ji)限、一次(ci)送水(shui)動能消耗過大等情況。

分區供(gong)水的運用(yong)條件：

1、系統工作壓力大于2.40MPa;

2、高層建筑最低消火栓栓口處靜(jing)壓大于1.0MPa;

3、自動水滅火系(xi)統(tong)報警閥(fa)處的工作壓力大于(yu)1.60MPa或噴頭處的工作壓(ya)力(li)大于1.20MPa。

  分區(qu)供水的方法(fa)：

1、消(xiao)(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)并(bing)行：消(xiao)(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)并(bing)行分(fen)區(qu)(qu)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)是指每分(fen)區(qu)(qu)分(fen)別設(she)(she)置消(xiao)(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)，高(gao)(gao)區(qu)(qu)設(she)(she)置高(gao)(gao)區(qu)(qu)消(xiao)(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)，低區(qu)(qu)設(she)(she)置低區(qu)(qu)消(xiao)(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)，各分(fen)區(qu)(qu)的高(gao)(gao)位消(xiao)(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)箱可以獨立(li)設(she)(she)置，也可以通(tong)過減(jian)壓閥(fa)組共用消(xiao)(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)箱，減(jian)壓閥(fa)組應設(she)(she)置備用減(jian)壓閥(fa)，消(xiao)(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)并(bing)聯分(fen)區(qu)(qu)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)的特點是各分(fen)區(qu)(qu)獨立(li)運行，互不干(gan)擾，簡單可靠(kao)。

2、消(xiao)(xiao)防水泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)直接(jie)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)：直接(jie)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)時(shi)，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)分(fen)(fen)為高(gao)、低(di)(di)(di)兩(liang)個分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，轉輸泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)和低(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)供(gong)水泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)應(ying)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)設置，當低(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)滅(mie)火時(shi)，應(ying)開(kai)啟(qi)低(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)消(xiao)(xiao)防水泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)；高(gao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)滅(mie)火時(shi)，轉輸泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)先啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)供(gong)水，然后高(gao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)消(xiao)(xiao)防泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，加壓輸送至高(gao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)消(xiao)(xiao)防管網。水泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)直接(jie)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)時(shi)，轉輸泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)先啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，高(gao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)(beng)后啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，低(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可以(yi)設置低(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)高(gao)位消(xiao)(xiao)防水箱(xiang)，也可以(yi)通過減(jian)壓閥組共用高(gao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的高(gao)位消(xiao)(xiao)防水箱(xiang)。

3、消(xiao)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)轉輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱(xiang)串聯：由于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)直接串聯分(fen)區(qu)(qu)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)引起的超(chao)壓(ya)問題很難(nan)準(zhun)確(que)掌(zhang)控，因(yin)此(ci)提倡使用轉輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱(xiang)再由水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)提升(sheng)的間接串聯給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方式。當(dang)高(gao)區(qu)(qu)消(xiao)火(huo)栓開啟后(hou)，高(gao)區(qu)(qu)消(xiao)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)（供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)）從(cong)轉輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱(xiang)取(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，加壓(ya)輸(shu)送至高(gao)區(qu)(qu)消(xiao)防(fang)管網，高(gao)區(qu)(qu)消(xiao)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)啟動以(yi)后(hou)，再啟動轉輸(shu)泵(beng)(beng)向轉輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱(xiang)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。

4、減(jian)壓閥減(jian)壓：當(dang)某分區(qu)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)栓啟(qi)動時，消(xiao)(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵將水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輸送(song)(song)至(zhi)高(gao)位消(xiao)(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱，高(gao)位消(xiao)(xiao)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱再輸送(song)(song)至(zhi)對(dui)應分區(qu)的(de)減(jian)壓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱，減(jian)壓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱通過管(guan)網供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)至(zhi)消(xiao)(xiao)火(huo)栓。這(zhe)種分區(qu)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方式耗(hao)能量大，所有用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)都(dou)要先輸送(song)(song)至(zhi)最高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱再下降，但(dan)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可靠。

  綜上所述(shu)，分區(qu)(qu)供水可以(yi)有效減輕管網系統壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)，并(bing)(bing)且可以(yi)有效提高效率，并(bing)(bing)且還(huan)可以(yi)減少消耗。分區(qu)(qu)供水形(xing)式應根據系統壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)、建筑特征，經技(ji)術經濟和(he)安全可靠性等綜合因(yin)素確定，可采用(yong)消防(fang)水泵并(bing)(bing)行或串(chuan)聯、減壓(ya)(ya)(ya)水箱和(he)減壓(ya)(ya)(ya)閥減壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的形(xing)式。